More than Words

From Gas Lamps to Modern Light Installations: The Evolution of Zagreb's Lighting

Zagreb is a city of technology and history, and nowhere is this perhaps better illustrated than in its street lighting. From the golden glow of 19th-century gas lamps to the blinding installations of the modern Festival of Lights, Zagreb's lighting has evolved along with its city landscape, offering an interesting glimpse into the city's development.

The Age of the Gas Lamp

In the mid-19th century, Zagreb stepped into modernity with a giant stride in the form of gas lighting. In 1863, Zagreb saw the arrival of gas lamps in place of the oil lamps that up to then had provided foggy and unfaithful light for the city streets. It was an era of sweeping urbanization, as Zagreb grew and developed on the model of great European capitals.

One of the most important aspects of this story is the job of gas lamp lighters, or 'nažigači,' who would light the lamps every evening, giving Zagreb heat and light. These hardworking laborers became an integral part of daily life, ensuring that Zagreb's streets remained lit late at night. Nowadays, to celebrate this tradition, a few lamplighters still light the last of the gas lamps in the Upper Town manually, creating a nostalgic atmosphere for locals as well as visitors. Not only does this tradition preserve the spirit of Zagreb old, but it is also employed as a personalized tourist attraction, catching a glimpse of the past amidst the city's modernity.

J. Duval / Zagreb Tourist Board

The Transition to Electric Lighting

By the beginning of the 20th century, advances in technology brought the next dramatic shift in lighting in Zagreb. As early as 1907, electric streetlights began to displace gas lamps, gradually covering the whole city. This new development provided safer and more efficient illumination for Zagreb's streets, parks, and squares, much improving visibility and public safety.

With the expansion of the city, so too did the need for more advanced lighting solutions. By the mid-20th century, more sophisticated electrical installations appeared, including neon lighting and festive lighting for the city's landmarks and public spaces. The availability of electric lighting also made it possible for the city to prolong its nocturnal life and business activity, as businesses were able to conduct themselves less inconveniently after dark. The introduction of electricity altered the look of Zagreb and the way its residents utilized the city.

J. Duval / Zagreb Tourist Board

In the latter half of the 20th century, Zagreb began adding modern lighting technology to its urban planning. Its principal streets, bridges, and old buildings were equipped with dynamic lighting, once again emphasizing their architectural significance. Floodlights were added to key landmarks such as the Cathedral of Zagreb and Lotrš\rak Tower that also added beauty to the city, making nighttime strolls around the city a fascinating activity.

The Festival of Lights: A Modern Celebration of Light

Today, Zagreb's lighting is not only practical but also a masterpiece. The best proof of that is the Festival of Lights Zagreb, an annual event which transforms the city into a fairytale stage of light, color, and fantasy. Starting in 2017, the festival was inspired by similar events in Lyon and Berlin because it combined flawlessly modern technology and imagination.

S. Cerić Kovačević / Zagreb Tourist Board

During the festival, Zagreb's historic buildings, parks, and streets are turned into a canvas of beautiful light projections, interactive installations, and dramatic visual displays. The city is covered in works of art by painters from all over the world, mixing history and innovation and eliciting an authentic dialogue between past and present. The festival attracts thousands of individuals, once more solidifying Zagreb as a cultural and artistic center.

Each year, the Festival of Lights features new and innovative installations that push the boundaries of artistic creativity. From sweeping 3D mapping projections onto iconic facades to interactive, immersive displays that invite spectators to participate, the festival transforms the city into a fairy-tale playground of light. Places such as Strossmayer Promenade, Grič Tunnel, and Zrinjevac Park are among the top festival destinations, where individuals have the opportunity to view magnificent light arrangements that honor Zagreb's unique blend of tradition and modern life.

J. Duval / Zagreb Tourist Board

Aside from its cultural and entertainment significance, the Festival of Lights is also encouraging sustainability and energy efficiency. Most of the installations employ LED technology and low-energy use systems, illustrating the possibility of making lighting visually appealing yet eco-friendly. By combining new lighting technologies with cultural and historical narratives, the festival not only celebrates Zagreb's heritage but also looks forward to a more sustainable and innovative future.

A City That Shines Through Time

From the fiery glow of gas lamps to awe-inspiring displays of light, Zagreb's lighting history is one of transformation and progress. The Upper Town's adherence to tradition and the Festival of Lights' raw courage demonstrate how successfully Zagreb merges its past with its present.

Whether you stroll along the illuminated streets of the old town or see the stunning light installations during the festival, one thing is certain: Zagreb continues to shine, illuminating its history and beauty for years to come. With its ever-evolving light landscape, the city is a cultural, innovative, and artistic center, where every corner of Zagreb has a shining story to tell, which is yet to be discovered.

J. Duval / Zagreb Tourist Board

Header image credit: M. Tomaš / Zagreb Tourist Board

Author: Tanja Rubčić